High blood pressure, also called hypertension, occurs when the force of blood moving through the blood vessels remains consistently too high. It is common, and many people do not realize they have it because obvious symptoms may be absent.
The most dependable way to know your blood pressure is to have it measured correctly and to discuss repeated readings with a qualified health professional.
Looking for an established overview of high blood pressure?
The American Heart Association explains what hypertension is, how blood pressure numbers are interpreted, and why monitoring is important.
View the AHA OverviewHow to read the two numbers
Every blood pressure reading includes two values. The upper value is the systolic pressure, measured while the heart is pumping. The lower value is the diastolic pressure, measured between heartbeats.
| Category | Systolic (upper) | Diastolic (lower) |
|---|---|---|
| Normal | Less than 120 | and less than 80 |
| Elevated | 120–129 | and less than 80 |
| Stage 1 hypertension | 130–139 | or 80–89 |
| Stage 2 hypertension | 140 or higher | or 90 or higher |
| Severe hypertension | Higher than 180 | and/or higher than 120 |
A single isolated reading does not necessarily establish a diagnosis. Health professionals generally consider repeated measurements together with a person’s overall health when evaluating blood pressure.
Simple steps for a more accurate reading
- Rest quietly for several minutes before measuring.
- Sit with your back supported and keep both feet flat on the floor.
- Support the arm at approximately heart level.
- Use a cuff that fits the arm correctly and avoid talking while the reading is taken.
- If you monitor at home, keep a record of your readings to review with your health professional.
Why consistent monitoring matters
Uncontrolled high blood pressure can increase the risk of serious health problems, including heart disease and stroke. Healthy habits may help, and some people may also require medication prescribed by a clinician.
Important: Blood pressure readings above 180/120 mm Hg can require prompt medical attention. If a very high reading occurs together with symptoms such as chest pain, difficulty breathing, weakness, numbness, vision changes, severe pain, or difficulty speaking, seek emergency medical care.
This page is educational and is not a diagnosis, treatment recommendation, or substitute for care from a licensed health professional. Do not stop or change prescribed blood-pressure medication without speaking with the clinician who manages your care.